how to find the amount of boost produced? fit a pressure gauge.
how to alter the boost? two/three things to consider:
1. the natural/stable boost level is determined by the wastegate actuator spring. there's alot of science in balancing between how much the actuator moves per PSI of boost vs how much exhaust energy is wasted via the WG. all sorts of variables including spring rate, preload, natural length, etc etc.
generally lower spring rate = earlier WG opening = lower peak boost
2. all boost controllers basically delay/manipulate the boost feed going to the actuator to keep the WG shut long as possible so turbine receives 100% exhaust pressure to either improve spool response and/or increase boost above the actuators intended pressure. once the boost feed reaches the actuator, its still up to the spring to determine how much the WG opens.
3. all turbos have a certain efficiency range shown by their compressor maps and matching the right turbo size, set with the right peak boost, to work with a certain engines gas flow is very important.
too small = only good for low-end, runs out of steam or restricts at the high-end.
too big = high boost threshold, very laggy, can reach high boost which might exceed engine capacity
setting peak boost too low on the compressor map (under-working the turbo) = laggy, wasted potential
setting peak boost too high on the compressor map (over-working the turbo) = inefficient, just heats up the air, potential turbine failure from over-spooling
I think ideally a turbo would be regulated by a fast & accurate solenoid controlled WG actuator rather than an old fashioned pneumatic sprung plunger but they're prob not as reliable and might be why all turbos stuck with the reliable old method